Dividing peonies is the best way to rejuvenate an old clump and (bonus!) get extra plants for free.
Take note: timing and technique are key since they don’t like being disturbed.
When to Divide
The ideal time is early fall (September in Colorado and similar climates), after the foliage has begun to die back but before the ground freezes. This gives divisions time to establish roots before winter.
How to Divide Peonies
- Cut back foliage to about 2–3 inches above the ground.
- Dig carefully around the clump with a spading fork or shovel, lifting the entire root mass to avoid breaking thick roots.
- Wash off soil to clearly see the “eyes” (buds) and root structure.
- Divide with a sharp, clean knife: each division should have at least 3–5 eyes and a good portion of thick, healthy root.
- Replant immediately in a sunny, well-drained spot. Plant divisions so the eyes sit 1–2 inches below the soil surface (too deep, and they won’t bloom).
- Water well and mulch lightly for winter protection. Water weekly if it doesn't rain, and continue until the ground freezes.
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